Close

Ithra – A cultural icon

Designed by Snøhetta Architects, Ithra is a beacon of cultural enrichment in the heart of Saudi Arabia

Ithra

The King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture, known as Ithra – Arabic for ‘enrichment’ – is a groundbreaking initiative by the Saudi Aramco Oil Company aimed at fostering cultural development, knowledge and diversity in the kingdom. Since its inauguration in 2018, Ithra has provided locals and visitors with unparalleled access to a plethora of learning and cultural facilities, establishing itself as a cornerstone of cultural engagement and innovation. Situated in the stark landscape of the Saudi desert in Dhahran, Ithra’s high-tech pebble composition rises majestically from its semi-arid surroundings. The central tower, soaring 110 metres into the sky, is flanked by a series of architecturally distinct ‘pebbles’. These pebbles – housing the library, the auditorium, the Great Hall and the Keystone – each serve unique functions and are designed with individual architectural identities.

Ithra indoors

The arrangement of these pebbles, with the Keystone suspended in a seemingly precarious yet stable position, symbolises cultural interdependency. Much like a Roman arch where the keystone maintains the structural integrity, these pebbles are frozen in a moment of dynamic equilibrium, emphasising that culture thrives on interconnected efforts and ideas. The architectural narrative of Ithra intricately weaves together the threads of past, present and future. This is symbolically represented by the building’s foundation, which is deeply embedded in the bedrock, representing history, while its towering spire reaches toward the sky, symbolising aspirations for the future.

Ithra

This temporal connection underscores the philosophy that contemporary culture and future innovations must be rooted in historical context. The building’s façade is a testament to bold architectural innovation. It features bent stainless steel tubes that trace the organic contours of the pebbles, creating a futuristic and dynamic visual effect. These reflective surfaces not only accentuate the building’s fluid forms but also animate the structure as sunlight shifts throughout the day. This interplay of light and shadow breathes life into the building, making it a constantly evolving landmark. In stark contrast, the ancient technique of rammed earth used in the plaza’s framing grounds the futuristic design in timeless tradition, illustrating a harmonious blend of past and present.

Ithra indoors corridor

Ithra is more than just an architectural marvel; it is a vibrant cultural hub. The centre boasts an auditorium that hosts a diverse array of events, from operas and symphonies to lectures and musicals. Its cinema, extensive library, exhibition hall, integrated art installations, museum and archive all work in concert to create a rich cultural tapestry.

The library, with over 315,000 books in Arabic and English, stands as one of the region’s largest public libraries, offering resources and programmes for all ages, including workshops and book clubs for children. The Great Hall, a versatile space with a ceiling height of up to thirteen metres, accommodates exhibitions and various events, further cementing Ithra’s role as a dynamic cultural venue. The centre’s open and inclusive design underscores its commitment to equality and accessibility. By offering a wide range of cultural and educational resources to the public, Ithra fosters a sense of community and shared cultural enrichment. Its design and functionality form a bold statement of the importance of cultural accessibility in shaping a progressive society.

Technical sheet

Architect: Snøhetta Architects
Client: Saudi Aramco
Area: 350,000m² landscape, 100,000m² building
Collaborators: Buro Happold, Theatre Projects, JML Consultants Water Feature Design SL

Read more architecture features here.

The Latest

On Building to Last

We interview selected architects and interior designers to talk about balancing permanence and progress across their projects

The Culture of Quality

A conversation with Maryam Raeisi, Managing Director of HMA Living by Al Shamsi

What to expect at Feria Habitat Valencia

This year’s fair is set to take place between 29 September and 2 October

ARTDOM Expands to the Middle East

Daria Zolotova, founder of ARTDOM, discusses the brand’s upcoming first major art forum congress, being held at Riyadh on 11-12 November 2025

A Perfect Balance

A bespoke villa in Dubai Hills Grove designed by XBD Collective blends contemporary elegance with high-end craftsmanship

Soulful Sanctuary

Arch Home Interiors has crafted a boutique Pilates studio in Dubai Design District, creating an environment where movement meets self-care

Global Outlook, Local Presence

Henrique Dias, Principal and Middle East Hospitality Design Director for DLR Group, shares the firm’s growth journey in the region

Read ‘Greener Perspectives’ – Note from the editor – September 2025

Read identity magazine's September 2025 edition on ISSUU or grab your copy at the newsstands

identity Design Awards 2025 jury

Meet the judges for the identity Design Awards 2025

Five prominent designers have been selected to judge this year's milestone 11th annual identity Design Awards

Here are 14 Emirati women we admire in the design and creative industry

In honour of Emirati Women’s Day, we celebrate the visionary Emirati women in the industry that are pushing boundaries

Casa Cazaux

A Spanish Revival Reimagined in the Hollywood Hills

Casa Cazaux designed by Jordana Maisie Design Studio was inspired by Slim Aarons photography of post WWII Italian high society and Mediterranean-inspired coastal architecture

Kaskade by Karim Rashid for TREDEX Sara Group

TREDEX x Karim Rashid Introduce KASKADE

A Collection Where Flow Meets Form